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Breastfeeding Resources
Dialogue on Diarrhoea Links on Breastfeeding on-site Health Basics insert: Breastfeeding Breastfeeding: helping to reduce the severity of diarrhoea
Breastfeeding in emergencies
Breastfeeding prevents infection
Breastfeeding promotion: the right start
Breastfeeding twins
Congratulations to the mothers
Exclusive breastfeeding (letter)
Exclusive breastfeeding
Extra drinks are unnecessary
Help for breastfeeding mothers
How to feed a baby who cannot breastfeed
How to help a woman to re-establish lactation
'I do not have enough milk.'
Passport to life: breastmilk banking in India
Perspectives on human milk banking
Portugal: rediscovering breastfeeding
Promoting breastfeeding in urban communities
Promoting the benefits of breastfeeding
Training health care workers to counsel breastfeeding mothers
WHO study
Women, work and breastfeeding
Zealous promotion of breastfeeding is not the answer (letter)
Breastfeeding Gateway
NHS Choices - Parenting Information The Department of Health's latest online publications include pregnancy, your child's health from birth to five years, and information on feeding.
Rapid advice: revised WHO principles and recommendations on infant
feeding in the context of HIV – November 2009
On 30 November 2009, the eve of World AIDS Day, the WHO released new
recommendations on treatment, prevention and infant feeding in the context
of HIV, based on the latest scientific evidence. The new recommendations call for earlier initiation of antiretroviral
therapy (ART) for adults and adolescents, the delivery of more
patient-friendly antiretroviral drugs (ARVs), and prolonged use of ARVs to
reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. And, for the first
time, WHO recommends that HIV-positive mothers or their infants take ARVs
while breastfeeding to prevent transmission. click
here for
the WHO announcement.“Act Now!” Campaign in Zambia
Authoring organization(s): LINKAGES— Zambia
Published: 2004–2005
Summary: These brochures, created as part of the LINKAGES
“Act Now” Campaign in Zambia, offer standardized messages on
infant feeding and HIV for a variety of audiences, including
mothers, youth, and health workers. Topics include
prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, HIV
testing and counseling, and optimal infant and young child
feeding behaviors.
Booklet:
Brochure:
Poster:
Topic(s): Behavior change communication, breastfeeding, infant feeding and HIV, maternal nutrition
Type(s): Booklet, brochure, poster
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative: Revised and Updated Expansion and Integration
Authoring organization(s): World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund
Published: 2006
Summary: Part I of this document gives background information on the prevalence and causes of anemia by
region, and discusses program approaches and good practices through several case studies of successful programs and
other examples. Part II provides tools and resources for anemia control programs. This links to the preliminary
version for country implementation.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding
Type(s): Booklet
Region: Global
Challenging Assumptions: Breastfeeding and HIV/AIDS
Authoring organization(s): Program for Appropriate Technology in Health
Published: 2008
Summary: This policy brief discusses the benefits of breastfeeding in light of the risk of perinatal HIV transmission.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, infant feeding and HIV
Type(s): Newsletter
Region: Global
Facts for Feeding
Authoring organization(s): LINKAGES
Published: 2001–2006
Summary: These seven short leaflets provide general information on topics relevant to infant and young child nutrition for parents and health workers.
English:
French:
Spanish:
Portuguese:
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, general nutrition, non-English
Type(s): Leaflet
Region: Global
Guiding Principles for the Complementary Feeding of the Breastfed Child
Author(s): Dewey K
Authoring organization(s): Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization
Published: 2002
Summary: This document distills information from discussions at several technical meetings and technical
documents on complementary feeding. It covers the duration of breastfeeding and the age complementary foods should be
introduced; continued breastfeeding during the 6–24 month period; responsive feeding; feeding during and after
illness; the safe preparation and storage of complementary foods; the use of micronutrient supplements; and the
amounts, types, frequency, and consistency of complementary foods.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, general nutrition
Type(s): Technical report
Region: Global
Guiding Principles for Feeding Infants and Young Children During Emergencies
Authoring organization(s): World Health Organization
Published: 2004
Summary: The guiding principles have been prepared to help prevent increased morbidity and mortality among infants
and young children affected by an emergency. They serve as a basis for action and are intended to clarify that optimal
practices for feeding infants and young children during emergencies are essentially the same as those that apply in
other, more stable conditions. The document seeks to inform decision makers about key interventions and sustaining
optimal infant and young child feeding during emergencies.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, general nutrition
Type(s): Technical report
Region: Global
HIV and Infant Feeding Technical Consultation: Consensus Statement
Authoring organization(s): Inter-Agency Task Team on Prevention of HIV Infections in Pregnant Women, Mothers, and Their Infants, World Health Organization
Published: 2006
Summary: This consensus statement is the product of the World Health Organization HIV and Infant Feeding Technical
Consultation held on behalf of the Inter-Agency Task Team on Prevention of HIV Infections in Pregnant Women, Mothers, and
Their Infants in Geneva, Switzerland, October 25–27, 2006. It outlines new evidence and research on HIV transmission
through breastfeeding, new evidence on morbidity and mortality, improving young child infant feeding practices,
new program data, and recommendations. Also included below are the reference documents that informed the consensus statement.
English:
French:
Reference documents:
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, infant feeding and HIV, non-English
Type(s): Policy document
Region: Global
Inclusion of Fathers in an Intervention to Promote Breastfeeding: Impact on Breastfeeding Practices
Author(s): Susin LR, Giugliani ER
Published: 2008
Summary: This article, published in the Journal of Human Lactation, revealed results of a controlled
clinical trial in Brazil on the impact of a hospital-based breastfeeding education program for fathers.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding
Type(s): Journal article
Region: Latin America
Infant and Young Child Feeding Counselling: An Integrated Course
Author(s): Saadeh R, Bland R, Casanovas C, Vallenas C, et al.
Authoring organization(s): World Health Organization and United Nations Children’s Fund
Published: 2006
Summary: This course on infant feeding practices covers breastfeeding, HIV and infant feeding, and complementary
feeding. It is an integrated version of three existing World Health Organization courses, designed for all health
professionals, including lay workers, and for people with limited time for training.
Topic(s): Behavior change communication, breastfeeding, infant feeding and HIV, monitoring and evaluation
Type(s): Training guide, PowerPoint
Region: Global
Infant and Young Child Feeding Update
Author(s): Mukuria A, Kothari MT, Abderrahim N
Authoring organization(s): Macro International for the US Agency for International Development
Published: 2006
Summary: This update provides data on key indicators related to optimal feeding practices for children under
five. The update includes a new summary of infant and young child feeding indicators for children 6 to 23 months and
reports on Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 1998 and 2004 from 43 countries in five regions
around the world: sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa/West Asia/Europe, Central Asia, South/Southeast Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, general nutrition, monitoring and evaluation
Type(s): Technical report
Region: Global
Infant Feeding Counseling Materials
Authoring organization(s): Program for Appropriate Technology in Health
Published: 2006, 2008
Summary: These materials include clinical algorithms geared for health workers (not lay counselors) to use to
counsel mothers and determine the most appropriate time to stop breastfeeding; an adaptation and finalization of the
World Health Organization (WHO) Infant and Young Child Feeding Counseling: An Integrated Course, including new
chapters on complementary feeding and country-specific recommendations; adaptations and local drawings/graphics
inspired by the WHO counseling cards; and take-home brochures for mothers on exclusive breastfeeding, expressing
breastmilk, and replacement feeding. The set also introduces a new follow-up form to be used at monthly postpartum visits for all infants of HIV-positive mothers.
English:
French:
Topic(s): Behavior change communication, breastfeeding, infant feeding and HIV, monitoring and evaluation, non-English
Type(s): Brochure, job aid, technical report, training guide
Region: Global
International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes
Authoring organization(s): World Health Organization
Published: 1981
Summary: This is the original International Code of Marketing of Breast-Milk Substitutes adopted by the World Health Organization in 1981.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding
Type(s): Policy document
Region: Global
Kenya Infant Feeding Assessment: Eastern and Western Provinces
Author(s): Israel-Ballard K, Waithaka M, Greiner T
Authoring organization(s): IYCN, PATH
Published: 2009
Summary: This study was conducted in the Eastern and Western Provinces in Kenya in 2008 to assess the experiences
of HIV-infected mothers’ and their infants’ during the time they were stopping breastfeeding.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, infant feeding and HIV
Type(s): Technical report
Region: Global
The Lancet Series on Child Survival
Author(s): Various
Authoring organization(s): The Lancet
Published: 2003
Summary: This document includes an editorial, two commentaries, and five articles focused on child survival:
the prevalence of the problem, where the problem exists and what causes the problem, how we can prevent child deaths
through cost-effective interventions, how to address equity gaps, and how to set priorities for programs.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, general nutrition
Type(s): Journal article
Region: Global
The Lancet Series on Maternal and Child Undernutrition
Author(s): Various
Authoring organization(s): The Lancet
Published: 2008
Summary: This document includes an executive summary and five articles aimed to increase awareness around maternal
and child undernutrition and serve as a catalyst for national-level governments, nongovernmental organizations,
and the international nutrition community to spur action and stimulate national interest, leadership, and commitment.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, general nutrition
Type(s): Journal article
Region: Global
Learning from Large-Scale Community-Based Programmes to Improve Breastfeeding Practices
Authoring organization(s): World Health Organization
(WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Academy for Educational Development, Africa’s Health in 2010
Published: 2008
Summary: Community-based breastfeeding promotion and support is one of the key components of a comprehensive
program to improve breastfeeding practices, as outlined in the WHO/UNICEF Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child
Feeding. This report shares experiences and lessons from community-based approaches so that others can use the
information to strengthen existing programs and design new ones. The paper will be of particular value to individuals
who are interested in studying and applying different models and the results and lessons emerging from them and assessing
their applicability in a new setting.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding
Type(s): Technical report
Region: Global
Kenya Infant Feeding Brochures
Authoring organization(s): US Agency for International Development, PATH, Infant and Young Child Nutrition Project
Published: 2009
Summary: These two brochures (originally developed by the Government of Kenya, UNICEF, and PATH) are being
disseminated to mothers and families through IYCN and APHIA II Western facility and community-based activities. One
brochure focuses on infant feeding during the first six months of life and the other focuses on infant feeding after 6 months.
Swahili:
Topic(s): Complementary feeding, breastfeeding, non-English
Type(s): Brochures
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Micronutrient Update
Author(s): Mukuria A, Kothari M
Authoring organization(s): Macro International for the US Agency for International Development
Published: 2007
Summary: This Micronutrient Update, which continues where the May 2002 Micronutrient Update left off, presents
information on women and children from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2000 and 2005.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, general nutrition, monitoring and evaluation
Type(s): Journal article
Region: Global
Nutrition Essentials: A Guide for Program Managers
Author(s): Sanghvi T
Authoring organization(s): Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival
Published: 1999
Summary: This is a reference manual for major nutrition interventions to improve maternal and infant and young child
nutrition. The document provides background information on the role of nutrition in child survival, priority nutrition
interventions, how to strengthen and integrate nutrition in district health services, how to work in the community and
suggested community activities, and tools and instruments to support nutrition interventions.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, general nutrition, monitoring and evaluation
Type(s): Reference manual
Region: Global
Nutrition Toolkit
Authoring organization(s): The World Bank
Summary: This toolkit includes nine booklets on different nutrition topics, including nutrition project design, basic
facts (nuts and bolts in nutrition), economic analysis, growth promotion (child), food supplements, food stamps,
monitoring and evaluation, nutrition communications, and school nutrition.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, general nutrition, monitoring and evaluation
Type(s): Booklet
Region: Global
Role of Breastfeeding Cessation in Mediating the Relationship between Maternal HIV Disease Stage and
Increased Child Mortality among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children
Author(s): Fox MP, Brooks DR, et al.
Published: 2009
Summary: This study, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, analyzed the role of
breastfeeding cessation and its effect on mortality of HIV-exposed children.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, HIV and infant feeding
Type(s): Journal article
Region: Global
ZVITAMBO Infant Feeding Materials
Authoring organization(s): ZVITAMBO, Ministry of Health Zimbabwe
Summary: These posters from ZVITAMBO contain key, consistent messages that are geared towards mothers, health
workers, and other family and community members. The posters are supplemented by simple brochures.
Topic(s): Breastfeeding, infant feeding and HIV
Type(s): Brochure, poster
Region: Sub-Saharan Africa
Breastfeeding and Diarrhea
This fact sheet aims to raise awareness about breastfeeding to prevent and treat
diarrhea. One in a set of introductory resources, it provides stakeholders and
policymakers in the world’s poorest countries with crucial information on a
proven intervention in the fight against diarrheal disease.This publication is part of the series
Diarrheal disease fact sheets
Corporate author(s): PATH
Published: January 2008
Region:
Global
Available materials
English
- Breastfeeding and Diarrhea
160 KB PDF
Russian
- Breastfeeding and Diarrhea [Russian]
242 KB PDF
Also known as: Грудное вскармливание и диарея
Some digital files may be saved at low resolutions to conserve file size. Versions with higher quality may be available; see the contact information below to enquire.
See also:
A complete and up-to-date list of the following and related resources can be found at
Enhanced Diarrheal Disease Control Resource Center
Facts for life: Breastfeeding (2006)
This document outlines the health benefits derived from breastfeeding practices.
UNICEF Evidence for the ten steps to successful breastfeeding (1998)
This document outlines the WHO/UNICEF-recommended ten steps to
successful breastfeeding and provides rationale for their efficacy, as
well as advocacy and education approaches. - 118 pages
World Health Organization (WHO)
Englishpdf 934 kb |
Españolpdf 435 kb |
Françaispdf 640 kb Persistent diarrhoea and breastfeeding (1997)
This document outlines the protective properties of breast milk, particularly its role in preventing acute diarrhea and reducing
persistent diarrheal episodes among infants and young children up to two years of age.- 26 pages
WHO Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development
Englishpdf 2 mb Guidelines
Breastfeeding counselling: A trainer's course; Director's guide (1993)
This resource is targeted toward health care workers for developing the clinical and interpersonal skills needed to support optimal
breastfeeding practices. Guides for trainers and participants. - 52 pages WHO
Englishpdf 609 kb Research Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases in young
children: Promotion of breastfeeding (1984)
This review analyzed the relative risks of non-breastfed and breastfed infants suffering diarrheal episodes and found that breastfeeding has a
protective effect in reducing diarrheal disease incidence. The authors support promotion of breastfeeding through educational outreach to
mothers. - 22 pages
Feachem R, Koblinsky M. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 62(2):271–291. Englishpdf 860 kb Interventions for the control of diarrhoeal diseases in young children: Weaning education (1985)
This study evaluated whether education on weaning practices can improve nutritional status among children and therefore reduce diarrheal
incidence and severity. - 14 pages
Ashworth A, Feachem R. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 63(6):1115–1127. Englishpdf 644 kb Nutrient adequacy of exclusive breastfeeding for the term infant during the first six months of life (2002)
This document reviews the impact of exclusive breastfeeding in terms of infant growth, immune response, and neurodevelopment. Nutrients provided
through breastfeeding are outlined, including zinc. - 57 pages WHO
Englishpdf 272 kb
|
Acceptable medical reasons for use of breast-milk substitutes
Authors: WHO Number of pages: 6
Publication date: 2009 |
Overview
Almost all mothers can breastfeed successfully -- initiating breastfeeding within the first hour of life, breastfeeding
exclusively for the first six months and continuing breastfeeding (along with giving appropriate complementary
foods) up to two years of age or beyond. Positive effects of breastfeeding on the health of infants and mothers are observed in all settings.
Nevertheless, a small number of health conditions of the infant or the mother may justify recommending that she does not
breastfeed temporarily or permanently. Whenever stopping breastfeeding is considered, the benefits of breastfeeding
should be weighed against the risks posed by the presence of the specific conditions listed.
This list of acceptable medical reasons for temporary or long-term use of breast-milk substitutes is made available as an
independent tool for health professionals working with mothers and newborn infants, as part of the Baby-friendly Hospitals Initiative.
English [pdf 209kb] |
Portuguese [pdf 73kb] |
Spanish [pdf 115kb] |
Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Continued Breastfeeding from 6–24 +
Months: Issues, Politics, Policies & Action 6 pages 403 kb
The Joint Statement on Continued Breastfeeding was produced following the
WABA GBPM in October 2008 in response to shared concerns that breastfeeding
after 6 months has slipped off the policy and programme agenda. Action and
investment in improving complementary feeding or providing foods supplements
seems to be taking place with little consideration for supporting or
improving breastfeeding amongst 6 < 24+ month old children, despite
estimates that 20% of deaths in 12 < 24 month age group in developing
countries are due to lack of breastfeeding. The statement calls upon
everyone involved in improving the health and development of infants and
young children to take steps to ensure that continued breastfeeding 6-24+
months is protected, promoted and supported as the precondition for, and
foundation of, appropriate complementary feeding. Steps for action
encompassing communication, education and promotion; practical support;
breastfeeding as part of complementary feeding; definitions and monitoring;
addressing misinformation through marketing and special circumstances are
described.
Click
here for the statement.
|
The following publications are from
LINKAGES Project. Click
here for a
complete list of their publications.
24 Pages |
A Guide for Calculating the Benefits of Breastfeeding (BOB) The guide offers detailed guidance for users of the “Policy Analysis
Tool for Calculating the Health, Child Spacing, and Economic
Benefits of Breastfeeding (BOB)” and identifies the main features of
the tool’s seven worksheets and the basis for calculations.
Author(s): J. Ross, V. Aguayo, H. Stiefel
Downloads Available:
English (313.1 KB) |
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A Policy Analysis Tool for Calculating the Health, Child
Spacing, and Economic Benefits of Breastfeeding (BOB) This spreadsheet tool consists of seven worksheets: 1) introduction,
2) assumptions, 3) breastmilk production, 4) health, 5) survival, 6)
fertility, and 7) summary. The spreadsheets estimate the effects of
breastfeeding on a variety of functional outcomes with public policy
significance.
Author(s): J. Ross, V. Aguayo, H. Stiefel
Downloads Available:
English (110.5 KB) |
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19 Pages |
A Spreadsheet Model to Estimate the Effects of Different
Infant Feeding Strategies on Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and
on Infant Mortality This model was used to calculate results reported in: Ross JS,
Labbok MH. Modeling the effects of different infant feeding
strategies on young child survival and mother-to-child transmission
of HIV. Am J Pub Health 2004; 94:1175-1181. (This model is in
Microsoft Excel.)
Author(s): J. Ross, M. Labbok
Downloads Available:
English (467 KB) |
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36 Pages |
Antenatal, Postnatal and Child Health Book This book was developed in Zambia to be given to pregnant and
breastfeeding mothers at antenatal and child health clinics.
Downloads Available:
English (2.34 MB) |
|
|
81 Pages |
Behavior Change Communication for Improved Infant Feeding -
Training Module Trains trainers in behavior change communication skills, training
techniques, and infant feeding. Includes field visits, practice
training, and action planning exercises.
Downloads Available:
English (1.06 MB) |
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Better Breastfeeding, Healthier Lives Published by the INFO Report, this report describes how programs and
providers can help women improve breastfeeding practices.
Downloads Available:
English (706.53 KB) |
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8 Pages |
Birth, Initiation of Breastfeeding, and the First Seven Days
after Birth - Facts for Feeding Identifies actions health care providers can take during the first
week postpartum to help the mother and baby establish and maintain
good breastfeeding practices.
Downloads Available:
English (96.08 KB)
French (62.84 KB)
Spanish (457.86 KB)
Portuguese (103.16 KB) |
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15 Pages |
Bolivia - Breastfeeding, Complementary Feeding, Maternal
Nutrition and LAM Counseling Cards These counseling cards were developed in collaboration with many
partners for the Altiplanto region of Bolivia.
Contributing Partner(s): Caritas Colivaiana, Plan International
Bolivia, USAID, Procosi, Servir, Project Concern, Desarolla Juvenil
Comunitario, Freedom from Hunger, Aprosar, Ministerio de Salud y
Prevension Social Downloads Available:
Spanish (3.92 MB) |
|
|
6 Pages |
Breastfeeding and HIV/ AIDS- Frequently Asked Questions Reviews the latest information on the transmission of HIV via
breastfeeding and provides programmatic guidance for field
activities.
Downloads Available:
English (123.79 KB)
French (129.89 KB)
Spanish (199.03 KB)
Portuguese (130.35 KB) |
|
|
6 Pages |
Breastfeeding and Maternal Nutrition- Frequently Asked
Questions Focuses on the impact of maternal nutrition on breastmilk quantity
and quality, the nutritional requirements of lactating women, the
impact of breastfeeding on maternal health, and implications of this
information for programs.
Downloads Available:
English (121.56 KB)
French (127.66 KB)
Spanish (134.22 KB)
Portuguese (124.68 KB) |
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Breastfeeding Questions Answered: A Guide for Providers This publication produced by the INFO Project provides answers to
questions frequently asked about breastfeeding.
Downloads Available:
English (314.66 KB) |
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8 Pages |
Breastmilk: A Critical Source of Vitamin A for Infants and
Young Children- Facts for Feeding Recommends national, community, and household level practices to
improve vitamin A status of infants, young children, and pregnant
and lactating women.
Contributing Partner(s): Helen Keller International, HKI/ Africa,
the MOST Project Downloads Available:
English (131.82 KB)
French (60.41 KB)
Spanish (121.69 KB)
Portuguese (105.02 KB) |
|
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90 Pages |
Can Marketing Of Multiple Vitamin/Mineral Supplements Reach
the Poor? The Vitaldía Project, Bolivia Documents the qualitative research conducted for the development of
a multiple micronutrient supplement (VitalDía) marketed to reach low
income women in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. It also presents results from
the baseline and final Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Behavior
(KAPB) studies conducted to assess the reach of the program among
women of reproductive age.
Author(s): S. Huffman
Downloads Available:
English (3.17 MB) |
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Care and Feeding of Young Children Discussion Guide Illustrates ways of promoting growth and learning in young children
through everyday interactions between children and their caregivers
in rural Guatemala and urban Brazil.
Author(s): P. Engle
Downloads Available:
English (32.07 KB) |
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Celebrating Innocenti 1990-2005: Achievements, challenges
and future imperatives This document was prepared for the 15th anniversary celebration of
the Innocenti declaration. It assesses the progress in achieving the
Innocenti targets, examines the current challenges and reinforces
the need to act rapidly in support of infant and young child
feeding.
Downloads Available:
English (473.01 KB) |
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30 Pages |
Community-Based Strategies for Breastfeeding Promotion and
Support in Developing Countries WHO and LINKAGES examine the role of communities and community-based
resource persons in providing support to mothers who breastfeed.
This report is based on a review of the literature and an analysis
of three projects; it assesses the impact of interventions, the
mechanisms through which behaviors can be changed, and the factors
that are necessary to maximize and sustain the benefits of
interventions. (Hard copies of this publication can be obtained by
e-mailing WHO at="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected])
Author(s): A. Morrow, WHO Contributing Partner(s): LINKAGES
Downloads Available:
English (455.36 KB) |
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40 Pages |
Developmental Readiness of Normal Full Term Infants to
Progress from Exclusive Breastfeeding to the Introduction of
Complementary Foods: Reviews of the Relevant Literature Summarizes evidence-based literature regarding the best age to
introduce complementary (semi-solid and solid) foods into the diet
of the breastfed infant.
Author(s): A. Naylor, ed. and A. Morrow, co-ed. Contributing Partner(s): Wellstart International and the LINKAGES
Project Downloads Available:
English (1.91 MB) |
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41 Pages |
East and Southern African Initiative - Nutrition for PLWHA
Counseling Cards This set of 11x14" counseling cards was designed for counselors and
health workers to help them enhance nutrition couseling for people
living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) during individual or group counseling.
These include topics related to good nutrition and its importance,
preventing infection, physical activity and managing diet.
Contributing Partner(s): RCQHC, FANTA
Downloads Available:
English (1.88 MB) |
|
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70 Pages |
Essential Health Sector Actions to Improve Maternal
Nutrition in Africa Identifies essential nutrition and health actions for pregnant and
lactating women that contribute to the achievement of five
nutrition-related outcomes.
Contributing Partner(s): The Regional Centre for Quality of Health
Care at Makerere University in Uganda, MOST Project, SARA Project,
SANA Project Downloads Available:
English (505.58 KB) |
|
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8 Pages |
Essential Health Sector Actions to Improve Maternal
Nutrition in Africa (Summary) Summary of 70 page paper, Essential Health Sector Actions to Improve
Maternal Nutrition in Africa.
Contributing Partner(s): The Regional Centre for Quality of Health
Care at Makerere University in Uganda, MOST Project, SARA Project,
SANA Project Downloads Available:
English (188.43 KB)
French (486.73 KB) |
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57 Pages |
Essential Nutrition Actions - A Four Day Training Course for
Planners & Managers of Health & Nutrition Programs in Indonesia:
Training Guide The purpose of this training is to prepare program managers and
pre-service instructors to train service providers in an
action-oriented approach to improve the nutrition of infants, young
children and women. (THE TRAINING MODULE DOES NOT INCLUDE: Handouts,
PowerPoints or Electronic References. To view the training module,
click on the link, "English" below; to view the Handouts for this
training, click
here; to view the PowerPoints, click
here; to view the Electronic References, click
here)
Downloads Available:
English (1.81 MB) |
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12 Pages |
Ethiopia - Counseling Cards for Fathers These counseling cards were developed for use with fathers, to
encourage their support of breastfeeding and maternal nutrition.
They tell fathers what they can do during pregnancy and
breastfeeding to support the health of their wives.
Contributing Partner(s): Ethiopian MOH, CARE, CRS, World Vision,
REST, SC-USA, Concern, EHNRI Downloads Available:
English (828.07 KB) |
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18 Pages |
Ethiopia - Counseling Tool on Infant Feeding Options for
PMTCT Sites This counseling tool is to be used by health professionals working
in PMTCT sites for the purpose of counseling and demonstrating
recommended infant feeding options.
Contributing Partner(s): Ethiopian Ministry of Health
Downloads Available:
English (11.24 MB)
Amharic (1.5 MB) |
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4 Pages |
Exclusive Breastfeeding: The Only Water Source Young Infants
Need - Frequently Asked Questions Discusses the nutritional and health consequences of giving infants
water during the first six months, and the role of breastfeeding in
meeting an infant’s water requirements. Also available in
Russian
Downloads Available:
English (123.65 KB)
French (123.07 KB)
Spanish (463.37 KB)
Portuguese (129.83 KB) |
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8 Pages |
Experience LINKAGES: Behavior Change Communication Describes LINKAGES behavior change communication strategy, including
essential infant feeding behaviors, priority audiences, direct
messages, and supportive materials and media.
Downloads Available:
English (284.63 KB) |
|
|
4 Pages |
Experience LINKAGES: Cost & Effectiveness Describes the process LINKAGES' Madagascar program undertook to link
the costs of its interventions with the resultant changes in infant
feeding behaviors.
Downloads Available:
English (111.82 KB) |
|
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6 Pages |
Experience LINKAGES: Infant Feeding Assessments for PMTCT
Program Design Describes the rapid assessment process and its application in the
LINKAGES Project’s PMTCT program in Zambia.
Downloads Available:
English (109.64 KB) |
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6 Pages |
Experience LINKAGES: Mainstreaming Describes what mainstreaming means and how mainstreaming lends
itself to the replication, scale up, and sustainability of project
innovations.
Downloads Available:
English (173.13 KB) |
|
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6 Pages |
Experience LINKAGES: Policy Dialogue Describes the conceptual framework for policy change, identifies the
main policy issues related to IYCF, discusses LINKAGES strategies to
address policy dialogue challenges, and summarizes lessons learned.
Downloads Available:
English (142.05 KB) |
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4 Pages |
Experience LINKAGES: Program Approach Describes strategies, tools, and materials used by LINKAGES to
achieve results.
Downloads Available:
English (105.68 KB) |
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6 Pages |
Experience LINKAGES: Results Reports on the project’s indicators and tools for measuring change,
the results achieved, and lessons learned in collecting infant
feeding data.
Downloads Available:
English (100.62 KB) |
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4 Pages |
Experience LINKAGES: Training Tools Describes LINKAGES training modules, methodologies, and performance
monitoring tools.
Downloads Available:
English (90.86 KB) |
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EXPO LINKAGES Please click on the Technical Initiatives link above to view slide
presentations from EXPO LINKAGES.
Downloads Available:
English (1.25 MB) |
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8 Pages |
Feeding Infants and Young Children During and After Illness This Facts for Feeding describes optimal feeding behaviors during
and after illness, challenges of feeding during these times, special
considerations for common illnesses, and guidelines for counseling
caregivers.
Downloads Available:
English (95.18 KB) |
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8 Pages |
Feeding Low Birthweight Babies - Facts for Feeding This most recent publication in the Facts for Feeding series
provides guidance on breastmilk feeding options to ensure that low
birth weight babies receive the attention needed to survive, grow,
and develop.
Downloads Available:
English (91.86 KB) |
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58 Pages |
Formative Research for Infant Feeding Programs: Skills and
Practice for Infant and Young Child Feeding and Maternal Nutrition Trains participants to conduct formative research using effective
communication skills in order to collect information to plan and
improve programs.
Downloads Available:
English (393.29 KB) |
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16 Pages |
Ghana - Breastfeeding & Infant Feeding Counseling Cards This set of eight counseling cards was developed to address infant
feeding problems found in northern Ghana. For further information on
the development of messages and materials in northern Ghana, see
this
case study (in PDF).
Contributing Partner(s): MOH Ghana, CRS, UNICEF, Ghana Red Cross
Downloads Available:
English (6.16 MB) |
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18 Pages |
Ghana - Breastfeeding & Infant Feeding Counseling Cards for
Grandmothers and TBAs These counseling cards were developed to share breastfeeding and
infant feeding messages with grandmothers and traditional birth
attendants (TBAs) in Ghana.
Contributing Partner(s): Ghana MOH, CRS, UNICEF, Ghana Red Cross
Downloads Available:
English (1.16 MB) |
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4 Pages |
Guidelines for Appropriate Complementary Feeding of
Breastfed Children 6-24 months of Age Provides feeding guidelines for children 6 to 24 months of age.
Downloads Available:
English (86.04 KB)
French (54.4 KB)
Spanish (450.3 KB)
Portuguese (91.69 KB) |
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36 Pages |
HIV and Infant Feeding: A Chronology of Research and Policy
Advances and Their Implications for Programs Informs program managers and others about major advances in the
study of HIV and infant feeding and the policy responses to these
findings.
Author(s): E. Piwoz, E. Preble Contributing Partner(s): SARA Project
Downloads Available:
English (290.31 KB)
French (180.89 KB) |
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47 Pages |
HIV and Infant Feeding: Knowledge, Gaps and Challenges for
the Future A 2004 PowerPoint presentation on mother-to-child transmission of
HIV and timing of HIV transmission; overview of postnatal HIV
transmission risk factors; results of efforts to quantify risks of
different infant feeding strategies using a simulation model;
current and planned field trials of interventions to prevent MTCT
through breastfeeding; discussion of future challenges. (To view the
notes, first open the Powerpoint, then go to the Edit menu, then
choose Edit Slides.)
Author(s): E. Piwoz and J. Ross Contributing Partner(s): SARA Project
Downloads Available:
English (1.18 MB) |
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74 Pages |
Improving Breastfeeding Behaviors: Evidence from Two Decades
of Intervention Research Summarizes available research on specific interventions intended to
improve four key breastfeeding behaviors.
Author(s): C. Green
Downloads Available:
English (437.93 KB) |
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Improving Breastfeeding Practices on a Broad Scale at the
Community Level: Success Stories From Africa and Latin America Large-scale community-level behavior change programs designed to
improve breastfeeding practices were implemented in Bolivia, Ghana,
and Madagascar. This study describes success stories from these
various areas.
Downloads Available:
English (125.86 KB) |
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38 Pages |
India - CARE Breastfeeding Counseling Cards These counseling cards produced by CARE were used for house visits
in India.
Contributing Partner(s): CARE Downloads Available:
English (2.17 MB) |
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35 Pages |
India - CRS Counseling Cards This set of 15 13x10" counseling cards was used during community
breastfeeding promotion activities in India by CRS.
Contributing Partner(s): CRS
Downloads Available:
English (1.48 MB) |
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25 Pages |
India - CRS Counseling Cards This set of 11 counseling cards in Hindi was used by CRS during
community breastfeeding promotion activities. No English translation
is available.
Contributing Partner(s): CRS
Downloads Available:
English (2.12 MB) |
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38 Pages |
India - CRS Flashcards on Breastfeeding and Maternal
Nutrition (Hindi) These 20 flashcards were used to encourage maternal nutrition in the
Lucknow Zone, in India. No translation of the Hindi scripts is
available.
Contributing Partner(s): CRS Downloads Available:
English (2.16 MB) |
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59 Pages |
India - CRS Flashcards on Breastfeeding and Maternal
Nutrition (Telugu) These 30 flashcards were used to encourage maternal nutrition in the
Hyderabad zone, in India. No English translation of the Telugu is
available at this time.
Contributing Partner(s): CRS
Downloads Available:
English (6.87 MB) |
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38 Pages |
India - World Vision Breastfeeding Counseling Cards These counseling cards were developed in collaboration with World
Vision to provide age-specific messages on infant feeding. No
English translation is available.
Contributing Partner(s): World Vision
Downloads Available:
English (2.39 MB) |
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156 Pages |
Infant and Young Child Feeding: A Tool for Assessing
National Practices, Policies and Programmes This three-part tool is designed to help users assess the strengths
and weaknesses of policies and programs for protecting, promoting
and supporting optimal feeding practices, and determine where
improvements may be needed to meet the aim and objectives of the
Global Strategy for Infant and Young Child Feeding. Requests for
permission to reproduce or translate the tool should be addressed to
WHO Publications, email:="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected] (See
our other program tools)
Downloads Available:
English (1.46 MB) |
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56 Pages |
Infant Feeding in Emergencies, Module 1: for emergency
relief staff This infant feeding in emergencies module prepares all emergency
relief staff, both international and locally recruited, to safeguard
maternal and child health in emergencies by ensuring appropriate
infant feeding. It is appropriate for decision-makers, regional
managers, logistics officers, camp administrators, and all whose
work involves care for mothers and children. LINKAGES contributed to
the interagency working group on Infant Feeding in Emergencies and
the UN Sub Committee on Nutrition Working Group on Emergencies to
prepare this module which can be obtained by visiting the Emergency
Nutrition Network website,
http://www.ennonline.net/ife/.
Contributing Partner(s): UN Sub Committee on Nutrition Working Group
on Emergencies Downloads Available: No downloads available |
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59 Pages |
Infant Feeding in Emergencies, Module 2 version 1.0 This module aims to provide health and nutrition workers with the
basic knowledge and skills to help both breastfeeding and
artificially feeding women. The intended audience is health and
nutrition workers who are directly concerned with the care of
mothers/caregivers and infants. The module can be obtained by
visiting the Emergency Nutrition Network website,
http://www.ennonline.net/resources/view.aspx?resid=4.
Contributing Partner(s): ENN, IBFAN, Terre des hommes, UNICEF, UNHCR,
WHO, WFP Downloads Available: No downloads available |
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Infant Feeding Key Indicator Monitoring Manual This manual is designed to permit organizations to carry out routine
monitoring of key infant feeding behaviors: Exclusive Breastfeeding,
Timely Initiation of Breastfeeding, and Timely Complementary
Feeding.
Downloads Available:
English (808.89 KB) |
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25 Pages |
Infant Feeding Options in the Context of HIV This document identifies the specific behaviors required of a mother
or caregiver to act upon the infant feeding recommendations and
informed choice policy of WHO, UNICEF, UNAIDS, and UNFPA.
Downloads Available:
English (447.88 KB) |
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186 Pages |
Integrated Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
and Support for Infant Feeding: Community Motivators Course The LINKAGES basic course on Integrated Prevention of
Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and Support for Infant
Feeding (for community motivators) is designed to provide community
motivators with a basic understanding of HIV facts and prevention,
mechanisms of MTCT, current MTCT risk reduction interventions, and
infant and young child feeding in the context of PMTCT. The course
also reviews nutritional recommendations for pregnant women and new
mothers in areas affected by HIV.
Downloads Available:
English (1.14 MB) |
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265 Pages |
Integrated Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV
and Support for Infant Feeding: Health Providers Course The LINKAGES basic course on Integrated Prevention of
Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV and Support for Infant
Feeding (for health providers) is designed to give clinic-based
health personnel and supervisors a basic understanding of HIV facts
and prevention, mechanisms of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of
HIV, current MTCT risk reduction interventions, and infant feeding
in the context of HIV. The course also reviews nutritional
recommendations for pregnant women and new mothers in areas affected
by HIV and AIDS.
Downloads Available:
English (2.85 MB) |
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105 Pages |
Interventions to Improve Breastfeeding Behaviors: Detailed
Summaries of 51 Studies Provides brief summaries of the available research from 51 studies
on specific interventions intended to influence four key
breastfeeding behaviors.
Author(s): C. Green
Downloads Available:
English (356.04 KB) |
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39 Pages |
Jordan - Breastfeeding & LAM Flipchart .
Contributing Partner(s): Jordanian Ministry of Health
Downloads Available:
Arabic (3.1 MB) |
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107 Pages |
LAM (Lactational Amenorrhea Method): A Modern Postpartum
Contraceptive Method for Women Who Breastfeed- Training Module for
Health and Family Planning Service Providers Provides information and activities to train health care personnel
and community health workers to provide LAM within their child
health, reproductive health, or family planning services.
Downloads Available:
English (533.85 KB)
French (636.36 KB)
Spanish (581.24 KB) |
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LAM CD for Program Planners: An interactive multimedia
resource on the Lactational Amenorrhea Method Contains related publications, a policy/advocacy slide presentation,
IEC materials, M&E tools, and training modules.
Click here to
view the CD
Downloads Available: No downloads available |
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LINKAGES Country Programs: What Worked and How We Did It This plenary presentation from EXPO LINKAGES highlights activities
from the project's various country programs.
Downloads Available:
English (3.52 MB) |
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131 Pages |
LINKAGES Zambia 1997-2005 Final Report A full report on LINKAGES infant feeding and HIV/AIDS programs in
Zambia.
Downloads Available:
English (3.03 MB) |
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32 Pages |
LINKAGES/Ghana Project 1997-2004 Final Report Final report on LINKAGES' Ghana Country Program.
Downloads Available:
English (202.56 KB) |
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6 Pages |
L’Allaitement Maternel et la Nutrition Maternelle- Fiche De
Questions Posées Fréquemment Cette fiche fait partie d’une série de publications sur des
questions posées fréquemment concernant des thèmes dont traite le
Projet LINKAGES. Le présent numéro se penche sur l’impact que
comporte la nutrition maternelle sur la quantité et la qualité du
lait maternel, les besoins nutritionnels de la femme qui allaite,
l’impact de l’allaitement maternel sur la santé de la mère et les
implications de cette information pour les programmes.
Downloads Available:
French (127.66 KB) |
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6 Pages |
Madagascar - LAM Counseling Cards These two 9x12" counseling cards were used at community meetings and
health clinics to promote LAM as a method of family planning (in
English and Malagasy).
Contributing Partner(s): JSI, BASICS, UNICEF, Peace Corps, ADRA,
Seecaline Downloads Available:
English (720.17 KB) |
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59 Pages |
Madagascar Story This publication documents the major elements of the LINKAGES-AED
program in Madagascar. It is useful to planners and programmers
interested in improving breastfeeding and other nutritional
practices at large scale.
Downloads Available:
English (2.3 MB)
French (2.06 MB) |
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63 Pages |
Manual de Lactancia Materna This Spanish manual serves as a reference and counseling guide for
health care personnel and community health workers promoting
breastfeeding and LAM, a postpartum contraceptive method for women
who breastfeed.
Contributing Partner(s): Institute for Reproductive Health, La Leche
League Honduras, UNICEF, USAID, Wellstart International
Downloads Available:
Spanish (2.98 MB) |
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6 Pages |
Maternal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation: Dietary
Guide This document attempts to help health workers translate general
recommendations for increased nutrient requirements into individual
dietary and behavioral changes for mothers. It also attempts to
assist programs in the development of appropriate protocols and
counseling materials on maternal nutrition.
Contributing Partner(s): CORE Group
Downloads Available:
English (1.15 MB) |
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99 Pages |
Maternal Nutrition: Issues and Interventions (A
Computer-based Slide Presentation for Advancing Maternal Nutrition)
Presentation Slides with Notes Offers information to help nutrition advocates influence
policy-makers and program planners to address maternal
undernutrition. (To view the notes, first open the Powerpoint, then
go to the Edit menu, then choose Edit Slides.)
Downloads Available:
English (1.17 MB)
French (1.4 MB)
Spanish (1.66 MB) |
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6 Pages |
Meeting the Iron Requirements of Infants and Young Children Discusses the causes and consequences of iron deficiencies in
infants and young children (less than 2 years old) and recommends
actions to prevent and treat it.
Downloads Available:
English (74.38 KB)
Portuguese (174.63 KB) |
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4 Pages |
Mother-to-Mother Support for Breastfeeding- Frequently Asked
Questions Focuses on a support group method where experienced breastfeeding
mothers model optimal breastfeeding practices, share information and
experiences, and offer support to other women in an atmosphere of
trust and respect. (This publication is also available in
Russian.)
Downloads Available:
English (102.7 KB)
French (128.3 KB)
Spanish (106.96 KB) |
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48 Pages |
Mother-to-Mother Support Group Methodology and Infant
Feeding (Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding): Training of
Trainers Prepares participants to train health care providers or
community-based volunteers to organize and facilitate
mother-to-mother support groups on infant feeding. To view the
Chinese version of this training module, click
here. (The Chinese version was translated by Chia-Wen Lee, PhD,
Huei-Man Lai, MA, and Shu-Fang Wang, MSc.)
Downloads Available:
English (1.36 MB)
Spanish (544.73 KB) |
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8 Pages |
Nacimiento, iniciación de la lactancia materna y los
primeros siete días después del nacimiento- Datos importantes sobre
alimentacíon Aproximadamente entre una cuarta parte y la mitad de las muertes
durante el primer año de vida ocurren en la primera semana. Muchas
de las intervenciones que mejorarán la salud y la supervivencia de
los recién nacidos tienen un costo relativamente bajo y es factible
implementarlas. Una de ellas es la lactancia materna inmediata y
exclusiva. Esta intervención también puede ayudar a las mujeres al
minimizar la hemorragia que tiene lugar inmediatamente después del
parto, una de las causas más comunes de mortalidad materna.
Downloads Available:
Spanish (451.84 KB) |
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33 Pages |
Nepal - Maternal Nutrition & Breastfeeding Counseling Cards These counseling cards were used in Nepal to promote messages on
breastfeeding, complementary feeding and maternal nutrition.
Downloads Available:
English (1.87 MB) |
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20 Pages |
Nutrition Job Aids: Regions with High HIV Prevalence LINKAGES and its partners developed nutrition protocols to remind
workers of information to be shared and procedures to be followed at
six contact points with mothers: 1) antenatal, 2) immediate
postpartum, 3) postpartum and family planning, 4) immunization, 5)
growth monitoring/well child, and 6) sick child consultations. This
protocol covers such topics as infant and young child feeding,
micronutrient supplementation, and maternal nutrition, specifically
for regions of high HIV prevalence.
Contributing Partner(s): RCQHC, REDSO/ESA, BASICS, UNICEF, WHO
Downloads Available:
English (160.85 KB) |
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15 Pages |
Nutrition Job Aids: Regions with Low HIV Prevalence LINKAGES and its partners developed nutrition protocols to remind
workers of information to be shared and procedures to be followed at
six contact points with mothers: 1) antenatal, 2) immediate
postpartum, 3) postpartum and family planning, 4) immunization, 5)
growth monitoring/well child, and 6) sick child consultations. This
protocol covers such topics as infant and young child feeding,
micronutrient supplementation, and maternal nutrition, specifically
for regions of low HIV prevalence.
Contributing Partner(s): RCQHC, REDSO/ESA, BASICS, UNICEF, WHO
Downloads Available:
English (161.42 KB) |
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43 Pages |
Packaged Foods for Complementary Feeding: Marketing
Challenges and Opportunities Examines strategies for using packaged complementary foods to
improve the nutritional well being of young children in developing
countries.
Author(s): R. Porter, L. Shafritz
Downloads Available:
English (113.9 KB) |
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Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV
Communication Guide for Health Workers This guide, developed in Zambia, provides information that health
workers can use to communicate with mothers and community members on
PMTCT and infant and young child feeding. It also gives
communication tips for promoting and supporting healthy behaviors.
Downloads Available:
English (5.54 MB) |
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80 Pages |
Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV in Asia:
Practical Guidance for Programs Provides technical information, program guidelines, and a basis for
policy dialogue and coordination for preventing MTCT in
resource-constrained settings common in Asia.
Author(s): E. Piwoz and E. Preble Contributing Partner(s): The Academy for Educational Development's
Center for Nutrition and Family Health Downloads Available:
English (616.07 KB) |
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60 Pages |
Promoting the Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM) in Jordan
Increases Modern Contraception Use in the Extended Postpartum Period This report assess the impact of LAM on continued modern method use
applying a survey conducted among 3,183 women in 11 child health
centers in Jordan
Downloads Available:
English (2.39 MB) |
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182 Pages |
Quantifying the Benefits of Breastfeeding: A Summary of the
Evidence Presents an annotated bibliography of more than 180 studies that
provide scientific and epidemiological evidence in support of the
World Health Organization’s and UNICEF’s Global Strategy for Infant
and Young Child Feeding. (The printed Spanish version of this
publication is not currently available. La versión impreso en
español no está disponible ahora.)
Author(s): N. León-Cava, J. Ross, C. Lutter, L. Martin Contributing Partner(s): Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
Downloads Available:
English (2.03 MB)
Spanish (539.84 KB) |
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Questionnaire from BOLIVIA Community Assessment of Infant
Feeding Practices LINKAGES and its PROCOSI partners in Bolivia used this survey form
to gather information on infant feeding practices among mothers of
infants less than 12 months old.
Downloads Available:
Spanish (124 KB) |
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Questionnaires from ETHIOPIA Community Assessment of
Essential Nutrition Actions and Other Health Behaviors LINKAGES and the ESHE Project used these 4 survey forms in Ethiopia
for household interviews and interviews with mothers of infants 0–11
months, 12–23 months, and 24–59 months old. The program in Ethiopia
was within a broad nutrition and child survival context which is
reflected in the surveys.
Downloads Available:
English (104 KB) |
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Questionnaires from GHANA Community Assessment of
Breastfeeding Knowledge and Behavior LINKAGES and its partners in Ghana collected information on infant
feeding knowledge and practice among mothers of infants less than 12
months old, fathers, and grandmothers.
Downloads Available:
English (116.62 KB) |
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Questionnaires from MADAGASCAR Community Assessment of
Essential Nutrition Actions and Other Health Behaviors LINKAGES and its partners in Madagascar developed questionnaires for
mothers of children 0–5 months, 6–11 months, 12–23 months old. The
program in Madagascar was within a broad nutrition and child
survival context which is reflected in the surveys.
Downloads Available:
English (108.36 KB)
French (108.31 KB)
Malagasy (108.81 KB) |
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Questionnaires from TANZANIA Integrated PMTCT Community
Survey LINKAGES and its partners in Tanzania developed a questionnaire for
mothers of infants less than 12 months old on infant feeding
practices, reproductive health, and HIV. A questionnaire for adults
in the community focused on HIV knowledge, attitudes, and practices;
use of HIV counseling and testing services, and attitudes on
mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Downloads Available:
English (102.56 KB) |
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Questionnaires from ZAMBIA Baseline Prior to PMTCT Media
Campaign LINKAGES and the District Health Management Board in Zambia
conducted a baseline survey prior to launching Act Now!, a media
campaign. The survey form was used with mothers of infants less than
12 months old and included questions about antenatal care and infant
feeding practices and knowledge about mother-to-child transmission
of HIV. .
Downloads Available:
English (88.35 KB) |
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Questionnaires from ZAMBIA Integrated Infant Feeding and HIV
Counseling Program As part of the Ndola Demonstration Project, LINKAGES developed
clinic and community-based surveys to gather information on infant
feeding practices, knowledge of mother-to-child transmission of HIV,
and use of HIV services. Questionnaires were designed for use with
pregnant women, mothers of infants 0–5 months and 6–11 months of
age, and adults in the community.
Downloads Available:
English (273.45 KB) |
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35 Pages |
Recommended Feeding and Dietary Practices to Improve Infant
and Maternal Nutrition This paper identifies a set of recommended feeding and dietary
practices to break cycles of poor health and nutrition that pass
from generation to generation. It also provides the scientific
evidence to support the recommendations.
Downloads Available:
English (259.68 KB)
French (635.18 KB)
Spanish (1.01 MB) |
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4 Pages |
Recommended Practices to Improve Infant Nutrition during the
First Six Months- Facts for Feeding Provides infant feeding guidelines for the first six months of life.
Provides guidelines for activities appropriate to local conditions.
Downloads Available:
English (76.48 KB)
French (78.34 KB)
Spanish (100.71 KB)
Portuguese (88.06 KB) |
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Seeing is believing: Mobilizing community support for
breastfeeding in Ghana This article was originally published in nutrition magazine and is
included here with permission of NutritionWorks, which retains full
copyright. The magazine is available at the
nutrition website
Downloads Available:
English (4.59 MB) |
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2 Pages |
Spotlight on LAM Users: Transition to Other Modern Methods
of Contraception after Six Months Postpartum Provides reproductive health and maternal and child health programs
with new information (from a 2004 LINKAGES study in Jordan) to
advocate for the offering of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM)
as a means to increase use of effective birth spacing methods and
optimal infant feeding practices.
Downloads Available:
English (78.31 KB) |
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4 Pages |
Spotlight on PMTCT: Reducing Mother-to-Child Transmission of
HIV among Women who Breastfeed The purpose of this issue of Spotlight is to provide decision
makers, program managers, and health workers with guidance on how to
support HIV-positive mothers who choose to breastfeed so that they
can minimize the risk of transmission and protect their own health
and the health of their infant. For many HIV-positive mothers in
resource-limited settings, breastfeeding is the only or the safest
infant feeding strategy available.
Downloads Available:
English (88.22 KB)
French (94.43 KB)
Portuguese (102.5 KB) |
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2 Pages |
Spotlight on Replacement Feeding: Transition to Replacement
Feeding by HIV-Positive Women Who Breastfeed Many gaps remain in our knowledge of the risks associated with
various infant feeding strategies under different conditions. This
guidance, based on the best information currently available, is for
HIV-positive women who choose to transition from breastfeeding to
replacement feeding at about 6 months.
Downloads Available:
English (66.83 KB)
French (162.57 KB)
Portuguese (73.92 KB) |
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Successful Community Nutrition Programming: Lessons from
Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda This report brings together the main findings of a series of
assessments of successful community nutrition programming carried
out in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda between 1999 and 2000.
Downloads Available:
English (1.8 MB) |
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Successfully Scaling-Up Exclusive Breastfeeding: Lessons
from Madagascar This first
CHNRI
Research Brief reports on LINKAGES' activities in Madagascar that
uses an integrated approach to improve breastfeeding rates.
Downloads Available:
English (280.83 KB) |
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50 Pages |
The Case for Promoting Multiple Vitamin/ Mineral Supplements
for Women of Reproductive Age in Developing Countries Provides guidance on reference standards, the selection of
appropriate nutrients and their quantities, and the purchasing of
appropriate supplements for pregnant women and women of reproductive
age in developing countries.
Author(s): S. Huffman, J. Baker, J. Shumann, E. Zehner
Downloads Available:
English (711.77 KB)
French (612.13 KB)
Spanish (967.42 KB) |
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6 Pages |
The Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)- Frequently Asked
Questions Focuses on LAM as a modern, temporary family planning method for
women who breastfeed, and is addressed to the child survival and
family planning health care providers.
Downloads Available:
English (234.86 KB)
French (124.19 KB)
Spanish (105 KB) |
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105 Pages |
Training Methodologies and Principles of Adult Learning:
Application for Training in Infant and Young Child Nutrition and
Related Topics The purpose of this training module is to strengthen the capacity of
facilitators/trainers to plan, organize, and conduct training of
health care workers who implement programs in infant and young child
feeding, essential nutrition actions, the lactational amennorhea
method, and/or prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Downloads Available:
English (472.81 KB) |
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USAID's Investment in IYCF: LINKAGES Achievements and
Results The opening plenary presenation of EXPO LINKAGES.
Downloads Available:
English (1.89 MB) |
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|
54 Pages |
Using the Essential Nutrition Actions to Improve the
Nutrition of Women and Children in Ethiopia, including under
Situations of Emergencies and HIV and AIDS: Training Guide This Trainer’s Guide is intended to equip senior health instructors
and planners in Ethiopia with the basic theory and technical update
to design and implement the Essential Nutrition Actions (ENA)
approach, or to train others to do so. (THE TRAINING MODULE DOES NOT
INCLUDE: Handouts, PowerPoints or Electronic References. To view the
training module, click on the link, "English" below; to view the
Handouts for this training, click
here; to view the PowerPoints, click
here; to view the Electronic References, click
here)
Downloads Available:
English (418.24 KB) |
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108 Pages |
Women’s Nutrition throughout the Life Cycle and in the
Context of HIV and AIDS The purpose of this module is to explore issues regarding women’s
nutrition: women’s nutritional status, causes of malnutrition, the
effects of malnutrition on the intergenerational life cycle, the
consequences of inadequate weight and height, micronutrient
deficiencies, and interventions to improve women’s nutrition. The
module also addresses the synergistic relationship between nutrition
and HIV infection, the nutritional requirements of HIV-positive
pregnant or lactating women and adolescent girls, and nutritional
care and support of HIV-positive women.
Downloads Available:
English (535.61 KB) |
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4 Pages |
World LINKAGES: Africa Regional PMTCT and IYCF Program Describes LINKAGES' program with national, regional, and
international partners that promoted and facilitated PMTCT policies
and programs and built capacity to integrate optimal IYCF into
existing maternal and child health and community PMTCT services.
Downloads Available:
English (109.96 KB) |
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4 Pages |
World LINKAGES: Bolivia Describes LINKAGES' infant and young child feeding activities with
PROCOSI, a network of local and international health organizations
in Bolivia (1998-2003).
Downloads Available:
English (147.3 KB) |
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4 Pages |
World LINKAGES: East and Southern Africa Describes LINKAGES' regional activities with The Regional Centre for
Quality Health Care in Uganda, and the East, Central, and Southern
Africa Health Community Secretariat in Tanzania.
Downloads Available:
English (110.8 KB) |
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4 Pages |
World LINKAGES: Ethiopia Describes LINKAGES' essential nutrition actions program with the
Ministry of Health and other local partners in Ethiopia.
Downloads Available:
English (122.17 KB) |
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4 Pages |
World LINKAGES: Ghana Describes LINKAGES' breastfeeding promotion and protection
activities with the Ghana Health Service and other local partners in
Ghana (1997-2004).
Downloads Available:
English (133.78 KB) |
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4 Pages |
World LINKAGES: India Describes LINKAGES' infant feeding and maternal nutrition program
initiatives with CARE, Catholic Relief Service, and World Vision in
India (April 1997-June 2004).
Downloads Available:
English (183.72 KB) |
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4 Pages |
World LINKAGES: Jordan Describes LINKAGES' country program activities with the Ministry of
Health to integrate LAM into health care facilities in Jordan.
(March 1998 - March 2004)
Downloads Available:
English (138.02 KB) |
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4 Pages |
World LINKAGES: Madagascar Describes LINKAGES' essential nutrition actions program in
Madagascar.
Downloads Available:
English (120.94 KB)
French (522.48 KB) |
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4 Pages |
World LINKAGES: Zambia Describes LINKAGES' infant feeding and HIV programs with central and
district health, AIDS, and nutrition agencies in Zambia.
Downloads Available:
English (72.08 KB) |
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updated: 23 August, 2019
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